This program offers advanced clinical and research training in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics and is the longest running such program in Canada. It is designed to prepare students to provide comprehensive orthodontic care, emphasizing scientific, evidence-based approaches, and clinical expertise with a wide range of appliances and treatments, including clear aligners, fixed appliances, and surgical orthodontics. Students also engage in research and receive clinical training through hospital rotations (e.g., The Hospital for Sick Children, Mount Sinai Hospital), especially managing complex craniofacial cases. Upon graduation, students are eligible for certification exams such as the National Dental Specialty Examination (Canada) and the Diplomate Examination (American Board of Orthodontics). 来源： https://www.dentistry.utoronto.ca/prospective-students/graduate/clinical-training/orthodontics